Basic Linux commands
Before Kitah enters the Linux Basic Government I will explain what Linux is and its history
Linux
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Linux
Tux.svg
Tux, penguin, Linux mascot
Unix-type family
Current status Active
Monolithic kernel type
GNU General Public License and others
Linux (pronounced ˈlɪnəks or / ˈlɪnʊks / is the name given to an Unix type operating system. Linux is one example of the development of free software and major open sources. Like free software and other open sources in general, Linux source code can be modified , freely used and redistributed by anyone. [2]
The name "Linux" comes from the name of the author, which was introduced in 1991 by Linus Torvalds. The system, system equipment and libraries generally come from the GNU operating system, which was announced in 1983 by Richard Stallman. The GNU contribution is the basis of the emergence of alternative names GNU / Linux. [3]
Linux has long been known for its use on servers, and is supported by well-known computer companies such as Intel, Dell, Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Novell, Oracle Corporation, Red Hat, and Sun Microsystems. Linux is used as an operating system on various types of computer hardware, including desktop computers, supercomputers, [4], and embedded systems such as electronic book readers, video game systems (PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3 and XBox [5]), mobile phones and the router. Observers of information technology think Linux's success is due to Linux being independent of vendors (vendor independence), low operational costs, and high compatibility compared to non-free versions of UNIX, and high security and stability compared to other operating systems such as Microsoft Windows. These features are also evidence of the superiority of open source software development models (opensource software).
The Linux operating system, known as Linux distribution or Linux distributions generally includes supporting software such as web servers, programming languages, databases, desktop displays (desktop environments) such as GNOME, KDE and Xfce also has office application packages (office suite) such as OpenOffice.org, KOffice, Abiword, Gnumeric and LibreOffice.
Table of contents
1 History
2 Logo
2.1 The GNU Project
2.2 MINIX
3 pronunciation
4 Design
4.1 User interface
4.2 Commercial and popular use
5 Development
5.1 Community
5.2 Programming on Linux
6 Usage
6.1 Desk computer
7 Copyright and trademark
8 Linux distributions
9 Linux operating system applications
10 Markets and ease of use
10.1 Installation
10.2 Configuration
10.3 Support
11 Scale of Linux development efforts
12 "GNU / Linux"
13 Actions (Litigation)
14 See also
15 References
16 Additional reading
17 Reference Materials
18 External links
History
Richard Stallman, founder of the GNU project, and Linus Torvalds, Linux kernel maker Richard Stallman, founder of the GNU project, and Linus Torvalds, maker of the Linux kernel
Richard Stallman, founder of the GNU project, and Linus Torvalds, maker of the Linux kernel
The Unix operating system was developed and implemented in the 1960s and was first released in 1970. Factors of availability and high compatibility caused it to be widely used, copied and modified by academic institutions and business people.
Logo
The Linux logo (Tux) starts when Linus Torvalds is walking in the Perth park. While walking, it was Linus Torvalds who was pegged by a penguin and had fever for days. He thinks that the penguin character is suitable to be the logo of the new operating system. Then a competition was held to design the new Linux Logo, and the competition was won by Larry Ewing who managed to describe a penguin who was sitting.
The GNU Project
The GNU Project, which began in 1984, aims to create an operating system that is compatible with Unix and is complete and totally consists of free software. [6] In 1985, Richard Stallman founded the Free Software Foundation and developed the GNU General Public License (GNU General Public License or GNU GPL). Most programs needed by an operating system (such as libraries, compilers, text editors, Unix shells and window systems) were completed in the early 1990s, although low-level elements such as device drivers, jurik and kernel were still not finished at that time . [7] Linus Torvalds once said that if the GNU kernel was available at the time (1991), he would not decide to write his own version. [8]
MINIX
MINIX, a Unix type system intended for academic use was released by Andrew S. Tanenbaum in 1987. The MINIX 1.0 source code is listed in his book Operating Systems: Design and Implementation. Although it can be easily obtained, re-modification and distribution is not allowed at that time. The copyright of the source code belongs to the copyright of dar
below is the basic Linux command
linux
Here are the basic Linux commands that you must know when studying or trying out the Open Source Linux operating system. Basic Commands Linux works on almost all versions of Linux, of course this will make it easier for you when trying Linux.
mkdir creates a directory
Usage: set [OPTION] DIRECTORY
Example: mkdir lhn
ls a list of directory listings
Usage: ls [OPTION] [FILE]
Example: ls, ls l, lhn
cd change directory
Usage: cd [DIRECTORY]
Example: cd lhn
pwd - prints the name of the current directory
Usage: pwd
vim Vi Improved, a text editor program
Usage: vim [OPTION] [file]
Example: vim lhn.txt
cp copy files and directories
Usage: cp [OPTION] SOURCE DEST
Example: cp sample.txt sample_copy.txt
cp sample_copy.txt target_dir
mv moves (renames) files
Usage: mv [OPTION] SOURCE DEST
Example: mv source.txt target_dir
mv old.txt new.txt
rm delete files or directories
Usage: rm [OPTION] FILE
Example: rm file1.txt, rm rf some_dir
find search
Usage: find [OPTION] [path] [pattern]
Example: find file1.txt, find name file1.txt
history prints recently used commands
Usage: history
Paint brings together files and displays in standard output
Usage: paint [OPTION] [FILE]
Example: cat file1.txt file2.txt
cat n file1.txt
echo displays lines of text
Usage: echo [OPTION] [string]
Example: echo I love India
echo $ HOME
grep displays lines that match the pattern
Usage: grep [OPTION] PATTERN [FILE]
Example: grep i apple sample.txt
wc displays the number of rows, words and bytes of a file
Usage: wc [OPTION] [FILE]
Example: wc file1.txt
wc L file1.txt
sort sorting
Usage: sort [OPTION] [FILE]
Example: sort file1.txt
sort r file1.txt
tar archives files
Usage: tar [OPTION] DEST SOURCE
Example: tar cvf /home/archive.tar / home / original
tar xvf /home/archive.tar
kill off a process
Usage: kill [OPTION] pid
Example: kill 9 2275
ps displays the current process snapshot
Usage: ps [OPTION]
Example: ps, ps el
who knows who is logged in
Usage: who [OPTION]
Example: who, who b, who q
passwd update password
Usage: passwd [OPTION]
Example: passwd
su change USER ID or become a super user
Usage: su [OPTION] [LOGIN]
Example: su remo, su
Chown changes the file owner or group
Usage: chown [OPTION] OWNER [: [GROUP]] FILE
Example: chown remo myfile.txt
chmod changes file permissions
Usage: chmod [OPTION] [MODE] [FILE]
Example: chmod 744 calculate.sh
zip file archive
Usage: zip [OPTION] DEST SOURSE
Example: zip original.zip original
unzip opens the ZIP archived file
Usage: unzip filename
Example: unzip original.zi
ssh SSH client (remote login program)
ssh is a program for logging into a remote machine and executing commands on a remote machine
Usage: ssh [options] [user] @hostname
Example: ssh X guest@10.105.11.20
scp secure copy (remote file copy program)
scp copies files between hosts on a network
Usage: scp [options] [[user] @ host1: file1] [[user] @ host2: file2]
Example: scp file1.txt guest@10.105.11.20: ~ / Desktop /
fdisk partition manipulator
Example: sudo fdisk l
mount a file system mount
Usage: mount t type device dir
Example: mount / dev / sda5 / media / target
umount unmount file systems
Usage: umount [OPTIONS] dir | device
Example: umount / media / target
du sees storage capacity
Usage: du [OPTION] [FILE]
Example: du
df see the amount of storage usage
Usage: df [OPTION] [FILE]
Example: df
quota sees usage and disk limits
Usage: quota [OPTION]
Example: quota v
reboot the system restart
Usage: reboot [OPTION]
Example: reboot
poweroff turns off the system
Usage: poweroff [OPTION]
Example: poweroff
kate KDE Editor
Usage: kate [options] [file (s)]
Example: kate file1.txt file2.txt
vim Vi Improved, a text editor program
Usage: vim [OPTION] [file]
Example: vi hello.c
gedit Text editor for creating and editing files
Usage: gedit [OPTION] [FILE]
Example: gedit
but make the process in front run behind
Usage: type ctrl + z and then bg
fg makes the background process go ahead
Usage: fg [jobid]
jobs displays the ID and process name
Usage: jobs
sed stream editor for sorting and transforming text
Usage: sed [OPTION] [input file]
Example: sed s / love / hate / g loveletter.txt
awk scan patterns and language processing
Example: awk F: {print $ 1} sample_awk.txt
find search in one directory
Usage: find [OPTION] [path] [pattern]
Example: find name file1.txt
locate search
Usage: locate the [OPTION] FILE
Example: locate file1.txt
The final word
That is a variety of basic Linux commands that you must know so that you are not too blind when using Linux. If there are errors or things to say, don't forget to write them in the comments column. Good luck!
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